Thomas Jefferson Essays (646 words) - Thomas Jefferson,

Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson and the American Ideal Thomas Jefferson was the third president of the United States. He was from Virginia and was one of the youngest men in Congress. He had only recently become involved in politics. John Adams, the delegate from Massachusetts, had years of experience. Jefferson thought it was only logical that the task of writing this important document should fall to the older, more experienced statesman. Adam's wanted Jefferson to write the Declaration of Independence, but Jefferson did not want to do it because he thought it would be too hard and it would take a lot of thinking. Jefferson was a writer, inventor, a statesman, and an architect. He explored the new ideas about science and government that were taking shape all around him. When he was told that he had to write the Declaration of Independence, he started right away which is contradictory to what we would think, because he didn't want to do it. It took him 2 weeks to write the Declaration. With this document, the colonies were declaring themselves independent. Americans would govern themselves. Thomas Jefferson had first learned the principle of individual freedom as a student in Williamsburg. He had learned that there were certain rights by which all people had to live to be able to make their own choices, and to be free to do as they wished as long as it didn't hurt others. Today we take these ideas for granted, but they were fairly new in the 1770's. The Americans were not allowed to govern themselves, to set taxes for themselves, or to defend themselves. Thomas' first home was the family plantation of Shadwell on the Rivana River. When Thomas was nine years old, his family moved from the Randolph's place back to their own plantation, Shadwell. On a bright September morning in 1752, a wagon drove up the path to Shadwell. The driver gave a shout and the family hurried outside. Everyone helped load Thomas' bags into the coach. His mother fussed at him before he left and told him that he must write once a week telling them everything he had learned. Jane was his sister, and she said good-bye to him. His father gave him a present which was an expensive Latin dictionary that had come all the way from England. He was moving to a school called Northam. It had only one teacher, Reverend Dougless. He had moved to the Dougless' house. Thomas tried to pay attention to his classes, but they were so boring, they nearly drove him to tears. He was studying Latin and Greek, which all gentlemen needed to learn because the great early books were written in one of those languages. After his father's death, Thomas changed schools. It was the first decision he had ever made on his own, and he never regretted it. His new teacher was Reverend Maury. He liked these classes and school better because the school was close to Shadwell, and he could rode a pony home. He also had a best friend named Dabney Carr. Thomas was certainly not the kind of boy who wanted to stop learning; the more he learned, the more he wanted to learn. By the time he was out of school, he knew where he wanted to go for college; William and Mary in Williamsburg, the capital of the colony of Virginia. He was seventeen years old when he entered this college. Thomas Jefferson was now becoming very concerned about what he looked like. He knew that he wasn't very handsome. He was over six feet tall, he had red hair, and his arms and legs were very long and awkward. He also had very big feet. When he entered college, he obtained an interest for European architecture. He got several books with pictures of famous Italian buildings, and the more he read, the more excited he became. He became so excited, he decided to build a house of his own in America that could match the great Italian buildings magnificence. He built Monticello. Thomas Jefferson died on July 4, 1826. He was 83 years old. Biographies

Understanding Vocabulary Words in Context

Understanding Vocabulary Words in Context Reading comprehension is one of the most difficult things to master on a standardized test. The test-makers evaluate skills like finding the main idea, making  inferences, determining  the authors purpose, and understanding vocabulary words, some of which you may have never been introduced to you before. The good news? You can understand vocabulary words based on the context of the passage - the words, clauses, and phrases around the unknown vocabulary word. You don’t have to memorize all the vocabulary words in the dictionary! Vocabulary Words in Context Example You might not understand the word, acerbity, by itself, but this sentence, â€Å"The acerbity of the lemon caused the little girl to spit out the bite she had just taken† helps you understand that the general meaning of acerbity must be â€Å"bitter or sour†. The context clues lemon and spitting out the bite, which provide more information in the sentence, help you understand what the vocabulary word means. Vocabulary Words In Context on a Test A question on a standardized test may look something like this: After the first day on the job, the bank’s new manager realized he would be busier than he had been led to believe. Not only was he assisting the bank tellers with their work, but his new boss had decided to inundate him with other tasks like creating security systems, managing the bank’s deposits and refunds, securing loans, and maintaining the daily operations. The new manager was exhausted as he locked the bank up for the night. The word â€Å"inundate† from the passage is closest in meaning to: overloadprovideassaultunderwhelm Hint: A way to figure out if your choice is correct is by putting the answer choice in the sentence in place of the vocabulary word. Which one fits the intended meaning the best? Youre right. Its overload. The first choice is the best pick, although assault is a close second. The only way that one would work is if the tone of the passage had been more negative. Understanding Vocabulary Words in Context Exercise Try to determine the meanings of the following italicized vocabulary words, based on the context clues in the sentences.Skill level: Easy Pablo always showed animosity toward his teachers by throwing spitballs and mouthing off, but his sister Mary was kind and sweet.The little girl was showing signs of ocular problems - she squinted to read the blackboard and complained of headaches after working on the computer for too long.The crowd rewarded the singer with plaudits, or extreme praise, by clapping and cheering during a standing ovation.Elena’s repudiation of Jerry’s bad table manners was obvious to everyone at dinner as she dropped her napkin and left the table.From the far past to the present day, the moon has been thought to cause lunacy. Some studies have shown that this momentary insanity does have some association to the moons phases.The old man’s hair was sparse rather than thick and full like it was when he was young.Janie was as devout as the Pope himself.My sister Kimmy shows a great abhorrence for crowds, whereas my little brother Michael loves to be the center of attention.When you adm onish someone, you point out his or her errors; an example would be scolding a child for misbehaving. The sorcerer’s minions, or devoted followers, were willing to perform any sorcery he could conjure.Ninety-seven pairs is a superfluous number of shoes.The spy was hung at the gallows of his homeland for his perfidious deeds.â€Å"Busy as a bee† and â€Å"quiet as a mouse† are hackneyed phrases – they’re used all the time.Amelia was as pretentious as a princess when she arrived at the party. She tossed her coat to the hostess and grabbed a drink out of a nearby guest’s hand.We always listen to my great-aunt because she is venerable, but we ignore my niece’s advice because she’s only six. Understanding Vocabulary Words in Context Answers hatred; extreme dislikerelated to the eyeextreme praise (the definition was right in the sentence)denial; refutation; negationinsanity; madness; psychosisthin; spare; light; meagerpious; religious; sincerehatred; loathing; disgustreprove; caution; reprimandcrony; underling; followerextra; surplus; redundantdisloyal; treacherous; deceitfultrite; clichà ©d; worn outshowy; pompous; exaggeratedrespected; esteemed; revered

Analysing People Oriented Methodology And Its Ethics Philosophy Essay

Analysing People Oriented Methodology And Its Ethics Philosophy Essay People oriented methodology is mainly focused on obtaining the ethical position of every individual. It emphasizes more on ethics which is a participative approach of human or people who might be the stakeholders or users. It also highlight’s that users are deeply involved in the development process and take control over the stages, it means that the users are also involved in the decision making process and fully committed to the IS development. People oriented methodology can be applied to a system which really involves various types of people. It is normally a difficult task of making the users getting involved in to the development stages, but still the involvement of users from the top level management to the staff level is required in order to avoid some thoughts of the user like, feeling that the job should be more demanding and less secure. On the other hand user involvement may also be used to improvise the human-computer interface. Using this sort of an approach als o includes visibility, simplicity, consistency and flexibility. It is also one to the suitable methodology in the life cycle where its aim is to involve users in the development system; its focus is on ethics, socio technical view and human implementation; in the feasibility phase it identifies current problem, opportunity, system boundaries, existing system, key objectives and task. In the analysis phase diagnosis of efficiency, job satisfaction need and analysis, specifying and weighting efficiency is done. People-oriented methodology focuses on organizational design of new system, technical options and preparation of a detailed work design. In the implementation phase, the implementing process is planned in detail it also checks for whatever it is required to make a smooth changeover and finally in the maintenance phase the system is checked in order to make sure the objective is attained, If not the correction action is taken once again ETHICS As it is told already people-orient ed methodology mainly focuses on ethics. Ethics is a branch of philosophy which seeks to address questions about morality that is concepts such as good and bad, wrong and right, justice and virtue. On the hand it can also be defined as a moral philosophy involving systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior which is required for an organization. According to Enid Mumford (see Mumford, 1995), ethics is a methodology based on the participative approach to information systems development. Ethics is different from most of the system development methodologies. In ethics the process of change is viewed with the perspective of organizational issue and not as a technical issue. Ethical Theories Ethical theories play an important role in optimizing ordinary moral functions and to establish or defend basic moral principles. Why Ethical Theories? The need for this is that the emergence of new practices in the business and the basic principles may not be enou gh for the arising problems and may not cover the new areas that are still uncovered. Therefore it is necessary for a rational and consistent theory to evaluate the morality of actions. There are two possible approaches in order to overcome these problems, firstly there are some general rules and approaches but they may not be enough for some sort of issues. There might be some situation where the generally accepted practice or rules may be challenged. In such cases if there is some ways to decide and proceed on which, rule to follow it would be grateful. The ethical theories help an individual or an organization in choosing the right rule.

Ebola Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ebola - Essay Example This epidemic ultimately reported a gross increase in fatality cases up to about 71% in West Africa. Additional cases of Ebola virus have been experienced in Nigeria and Senegal. Consequently, some of the United States of America medical doctors who were on life-saving missions in West Africa contracted this virus. This research paper elucidates on the origin, global distribution and health impacts of Ebola virus. The discovery of Ebola virus traces its origin from central Africa along river Zaire in Congo-Zaire. Baron Peter Piot was the lead researcher behind the discovery of Ebola cure. This Belgium microbiologist helped in the discovery of Ebola virus in 1976. He embarked on a mission to contain the first ever recorded Ebola virus in the same year. The natural reservoir for Ebola virus was basically never identified initially. This virus causative agent nonetheless was later unearthed in the year 1989. Ebola Reston (EBOR), on the other hand, was first identified in 1989 (Wilson 111). This virus emerged from imported primates when infected monkeys were imported from Mindanao in Philippines into Reston, Virginia. Unfortunately, a fewer population around was also infected with Ebola Reston (EBOR). This virus was an inactive form (Seroconverted). The virus, therefore, did not regenerate in the RNA. Additionally, Ebola virus conclusively failed to develop into Ebola haemorrhagic fever (EHF). Ebola first emerged as a simple infection though involved with a massive loss of lives in Congo-Zaire. As much as there were myths and misconceptions behind this unknown virus, scientific interventions had to prove religion wrong. Ebola emerged in 1976 in Congo-Zaire and Sudan. Therefore, this virus was named after Ebola River in Zaire. The First Ebola (Ebola-Sudan) outbreak infected about 284 people. Consequently, the infected individuals had a mortality rate of 53% (Wilson 127). A few months later, there was a re-infection of Ebola in Yambuku Zaire. This strain

BS in Law Enforcement Leadership Personal Statement - 6

BS in Law Enforcement Leadership - Personal Statement Example I was at all times determined to be the top student in my class, especially after having an opportunity to enroll in the program. I feel proud of myself, particularly after achieving my dream to complete the leadership mission as a capstone experience. My self-esteem has also improved a great deal, and I have so far learned how to appreciate myself and all the efforts that I have dedicated to achieving my goals. Having taken part in projects and discussions, I am confident that I am what most employers are looking for, as my contribution to my class teams has been exemplary. The online Accelerated Degree Program also presented me with the chance to embrace ethical perspectives. In my coursework, I was challenged to present essays and presentations that reflected the same. I was taught to be a critical and creative thinker especially in terms of cultural values, crime investigation, present-day policing and police administration as required of the course (PhilaUonline 1). Thanks to the course, I am capable of identifying the issues that surround law enforcement, then devise the best solutions towards the same. Relating this to my professional ability, I am confident that I am well baked to fit in the demanding field of law enforcement. I also term myself as more of a problem solver as opposed to problem initiator. Prior to my enrolment in the Accelerated Degree Program, I did not appreciate cultural diversity. This has now changed as I am now able to demonstrate my understanding of cultural differences and the importance of respecting those differences. Before, I would use words that were annoying to some cultures. After enrolling for the program, I avoid using such words, whether slang or not, as I realized the importance of appreciating people and their culture.  

Exploring Equality and Diversity Essay Example for Free

Exploring Equality and Diversity Essay You should use this file to complete your Assessment. †¢The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a disk †¢Then work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly †¢When you’ve finished, print out a copy to keep for reference †¢Then, go to www.vision2learn.com and send your completed Assessment to your tutor via your My Study area – make sure it is clearly marked with your name, the course title and the Unit and Assessment number. Name: Nichola Craven 1. What is meant by diversity? Diversity is the way that everything and everybody is different. We all have various qualities that make us who we are. We all have our own individual set of qualities and we may share some of these with others we meet or have nothing in common at all. Diversity may be visible as in age or colour of skin or not immediately noticed until we have spent time with someone, this could include their religious beliefs or sexual orientation. 2. Describe the community you live in. Highlight some of the variations you may observe in terms of: †¢Interests †¢Beliefs †¢Ages †¢Lifestyles †¢Personal, social and cultural identities. I live in an inner city council estate. Many people on the estate are interested in watching the local teams play football and rugby. There is a community centre nearby and pensioners get together to do light exercise classes and children take karate or cheerleading classes. Groups of teenagers take turns to use the basketball court. It is very rare to see children or anyone over twenty using the courts. Some parents let their young children go to the local park alone but others will only let their children play in the back yard. At the back of the estate are the Wash lands where many people will walk their dogs but some people who live here have never walked that way. There are many different beliefs, in terms of religion and family values. The largest religious group are Christians, and the second largest is Muslims. Most of the Muslims in the community do not drink alcohol. Most of the houses are homes to young families on low incomes. There are very few elderly people in the council houses. Most people are White British or Asian British in terms of ethnicity, although lately there are a large number of Eastern European families on my street. I have noticed that over the last two years that their English has improved greatly and we are now able to communicate better. Many people on the estate have full time or part time jobs although there is a high number of unemployed and many single parents who stay at home to take care of very young children. 3. Explain how the variations in question 2 contribute to the diversity of the community. Where people have different interests such as playing or watching rugby, they are contributing to the entertainment in the community for those who like to watch the matches. Also, the children and men who are in the rugby teams are keeping fit and learning how to be team players. The people who watch rugby also hold fund raising events to keep up with the maintenance of the clubhouse as well has regular charity fundraisers to help local charities. Neighbours who celebrate different religious festivals will share their experiences by inviting others to parties and this helps everyone gain knowledge of how different people live. My neighbour often brings various Asian cuisines for my family to try and shares recipes. 4. Give some examples to explain how diversity: †¢Enhances your life †¢Enhances the local community †¢Enhances this country. Diversity enhances my life the most when I spend time with my brother. He is engaged to a Hungarian lady who has a large family living in my city. We often have parties in the summer where we eat from a big pot of goulash which is cooked outside in a cauldron over a fire. The drink of choice is palinka, a kind of fruit brandy although I can’t say I like the taste much. We sing and dance to modern and traditional Hungarian music and it is overall a fun time that I can’t experience with my English family. I see how diversity enriches the local community the most at the primary school where I work. The majority of the children do not have English as a first language and are all from different backgrounds and countries. Despite there being so much diversity and language barriers, there is a sense of camaraderie where the children help each other and are learning to live with and accept people who are different. The ethos of the school is that every child is valued and should be given the same opportunities as each other. The introduction of a Pride event in the city a few years ago has created a once a year festival where people celebrate their differences in sexuality and way of life. There is always a big crowd and everyone has fun. I think it helps people to learn about and accept those who lead different lifestyles to themselves when they are given the chance to integrate at a large event such as this. Diversity enhances this country because there is always something new we can learn from each other. The integration of various nationalities, interests and personalities mean we can better understand others and join in with their celebrations and appreciate different cultures. Our experiences in food and dining are enriched by the opening of different eateries and by supermarkets offering a wide range of international ingredients to cater for an increasingly diverse country. 5. Describe what it means to respect people’s differences and why it is important to respect differences. Respecting people’s differences means that we appreciate that others are different to us and just because we may not have anything in common or share their beliefs, we should accept them for who they are. When people do not accept others, it can lead to bullying, lack of communication and a general feeling of distrust. This can lead to unrest within communities. To be able to live in peace and harmony, everyone should realise that others have a right to be different. 6. For a person you know, describe the individual factors that make him / her who they are. Name: Defining factorsBrief description Physical characteristics A tall, well presented man in his early thirties. Emotions Very laid back, likes to help other people. Likes and dislikes Likes action films and playing computer games. Dislikes soaps and dancing. Values and beliefs Believes in God, doesn’t attend church on a regular basis. Family is very important to him. 7. Describe yourself in terms of: †¢Personal interests †¢Religion / culture †¢Geography. I enjoy reading, whether it is browsing the web or a book on my kindle e-reader. I enjoy socialising with my friends but my main interest lies within my family life. I love spending time with my three daughters, taking them shopping, to the park or the movies. When my husband isn’t working, we like to take the children and our dog for long walks. I am not very religious. I only go to church when occasion demands i.e. in the case of weddings, funerals or christenings. I attended a Church of England primary school and I still carry my beliefs and values from my time there and pass these beliefs on to my children. I live in Yorkshire on a medium sized social housing estate next to the city centre. The shopping centre, hospital and schools are all within walking distance from my house. 8. What is meant by having multiple identities? Give three examples in relation to people you know. Multiple identities are the way one person acts in different situations or with different people. Example 1: Sasha is a college student who likes to socialise with her friends and loves dressing in the latest fashions. When she comes home she changes into her jogging bottoms and old t-shirt and spends time with her little sisters helping them with their homework. Example 2: I take my children to visit my mum and we drink coffee and watch children’s TV and she does jigsaws with her grandchildren. When I visit my mum without my children, we drink wine and talk about adult things and listen to the music channel. Example 3: Claire is a single mum with two young children. Monday to Friday, she comes home from work, does the cleaning, cooking and looks after her children. At the weekend, the children stay with their father and Claire spends time with her friends going to the pub and having a good time in adult company. 9. What is meant by shared identity? Shared identity is where two or more people have one or more of a common characteristic. This could be that they enjoy watching football or that they come from the same town or city. They could be the same age or share the same taste in music. 10. Explain and give examples of how an individual can identify themselves as belonging to a number of different groups. An individual can belong to different groups by the fact that they have something in common with those people. An example is that of where a group of men are from the same area and they all go to watch a football match. If they were from Yorkshire and supported Leeds, they would be in that group of Yorkshire Leeds supporters. However, if they were not at the football match and were on holiday with their family, they would prioritise their identities differently. They would be from Yorkshire, and be fathers on holiday with their families. The football team they support may not even enter the equation in terms of how they perceive themselves or how others see them. 11. Describe yourself in terms of your multiple identities. I am mum to three children. Earlier this year I was a full time housewife with my youngest child in part time nursery. Now all of my children are in school and college, my role is less focused on being a housewife and I work in a school office. I find that now I work, my husband takes a more active role in the housework and care of the children, taking on some of my previous responsibilities. When the children are in bed, I take on administrative tasks for my husband’s plumbing business and become his book-keeper. At work, I am usually based in the office although I have to walk around school passing on messages and I have to look after sick children while we wait for their parents to take them home. When I get chance to see my friends, they see a different side of me as I like to make the most of my time away from work and other responsibilities and have a good time. They would say I enjoy a good time and I am a shoulder to cry on. 12. What is meant by stereotyping and labelling? When we first meet others, we can’t help judging them from our first impressions. If someone is wearing glasses, we may think wrongly or rightly that they are intelligent and studious. We may see two women together holding hands and we would think that they are gay. This is called labelling, when we pick out a characteristic and focus on it, drawing our own conclusions. Another example is when we see a woman pushing a pushchair. We label her as being a mother although she is also many other things. Stereotyping is where we make assumptions about people belonging to a certain group. An Asian friend of mine was shopping in the supermarket, and looking at cat food. A lady who was trying to be helpful tried to explain to her that cat food was not for human consumption and was shocked when my friend replied in broad Yorkshire that it was for her cat and she wasn’t thinking of eating it herself. This is an example of stereotyping people assuming that people who are from ethn ic minorities cannot read or speak English. 13. Explain why some people stereotype others. Stereotyping continues to be part of our society through the way families and social groups instil their beliefs on one another and the way that the media portray certain groups. When we see rioting on the news, we tend to see young people wearing hoodies to cover their faces. This leads to us thinking that all people who wear hoodies are dangerous when it is in fact not true. My daughter wears a hoodie and sometimes puts the hood up to keep her ears warm yet even though I know this, I still get scared if I see a group of teenagers in hoodies because of all the media stories. This is the case of the isolated behaviours within a small group that has lead to a stereotype. People will stereotype because they want to fit in with a particular group and will share their views on others. 14. Provide two examples of the damaging effects that stereotyping and labelling can have on people. Stereotyping can lead to fear within communities. Old people may fear young people because of they see on the news that a teenager committed a series of muggings. Travelling communities may be made unwelcome in pubs because of a few isolated incidents of trouble. People may avoid those who suffer from mental illness as many murderers claim to suffer from mental illness. This leads us to stereotype all people with mental illness as being violent which is untrue. This could have a damaging effect on them and lead them to withdraw from society. People continue to be ageist in society. They label elderly people as just being old and not as able as they once were and don’t consider other qualities that they have such as being kind and caring. Many non physical jobs do not rely on age such as being a good teacher yet sometimes; recruiters will choose a young person because they assume that youth will make them better at a job. Ageism damages society because we are taking away the diversity and personal qualities that older people can offer and also, when we treat elderly people as being useless, they start to feel useless and may become depressed. 15. Provide at least two examples of the way stereotyping is perpetuated in society. Stereotyping is perpetuated within families, the way your parents and other relatives perceive things can be passed on to you and so a cycle begins where people carry on stereotyping. I remember growing up in a family where we stereotyped all gay men as being flamboyant and effeminate. This was also due to the way that they were stereotyped on television programmes in the seventies and eighties. The views of peer groups can also carry on stereotypes. Some people see jobless people as being lazy benefit scroungers. This may be true of some of them but a discussion with your friends where they provide an example of such lazy scrounger and shows such as The Jeremy Kyle show where people are often presented in a negative way will make sure the stereotype prevails. 16. Define prejudice and discrimination. Prejudice occurs when a characteristic of an individual or group is reacted to in a negative way. It is an incorrect and unfair assumption that is based on little or no proof. People can be prejudiced against many characteristics such as race, gender or sexuality and have negative views about or act negatively towards those groups. Discrimination occurs when prejudice means that someone is treated unfairly because they possess one or more characteristic. 17. Explain how people may develop prejudices. People can develop prejudices from a bad experience with an individual. If someone sat next to an unhygienic overweight person at school, they may think that every overweight person is unhygienic. Someone may be influenced by the views of relatives or friends who they respect enough to accept their views whether they are good or bad prejudices. If someone is around people who believe that their prejudices are just, they are likely to take them on board themselves and transfer those views to other people that they come into contact with. 18. Describe the following types of discrimination. Type of discriminationDescription Dual discrimination Dual discrimination occurs when prejudice is aimed at two characteristics of someone or a group. If someone is a single parent and is out of work, they could be negatively thought of by someone who has bad views on single parents and of unemployed people. Multiple discriminationThis is where someone is discriminated against for having several characteristics. An overweight lady in a wheelchair could obviously be discriminated against on three points, being overweight, being disabled and being a woman. Positive discriminationPositive discrimination occurs when people are favoured because they possess certain characteristics. An example is where a housing association prioritises ethnic minority families against others in the same situation. Discrimination arising out of disabilityDiscriminating against a disability can mean that disabled [people are not given the opportunities in life that more able people are such as access to employment or education opportunities. Discrimination by associationThis is where someone is discriminated against for associating with a person or group whom the prejudice is aimed at. An example is a mixed race marriage here prejudice is held against one partners race but both partners suffer harassment. 19. What is meant by the term protected characteristics? Protected characteristics are legally recognised areas where discrimination is likely to occur. They are age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage and civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, race, religion and beliefs, gender and sexual orientation. This are characteristics that everyone posses and the law is there to protect individuals from unfair discrimination. 20. What is the difference between direct and indirect discrimination? Give two examples to illustrate your point. Direct discrimination occurs when someone is treated differently due to a personal characteristic that they possess. This could be an older person being denied the right of promotion despite being more qualified or equally qualified than someone younger than them. It could be that a woman mentions at a job interview that she has four children and the interviewer immediately says they would be unsuitable for the job because they would require a lot of time off. These examples are direct discrimination against older people and working mothers. Indirect discrimination occurs where certain groups of people are put at a disadvantage because their needs are ignored. This could be a lack of disabled access in a public building that means wheelchair users cannot make their way around. Another example is a workplace health and safety document being printed only in English when there are many workers who speak and read English as a second language or some who cannot read English at all. 21. Describe the effects that discrimination and prejudice can have on people. A main danger that arises from prejudice and discrimination is the kind of extreme hatred that causes people to be attacked and killed and in extreme cases, wars due to race, religion or sexual preferences. If there is prejudice within certain groups, it will lead to social conflicts and a less harmonious atmosphere. People who are discriminated against typically lose their sense of worth as they become more mistreated by other people and develope a negative view of themselves. If people are treated as second class citizens, they may begin to believe that they are. They will also distrust those who discriminate against them and this will lead to hostile environments. They will have a lower quality of life as they are denied promotions and training opportunities. Innocent people will suffer unnecessary anguish due to unfair discrimination. 22. Describe what equal opportunities means in relation to: †¢Education †¢Housing †¢Healthcare †¢Employment. Equal opportunities in education mean that everyone should be given the same chance to succeed no matter what their characteristics. In relation to schools, there may be single sex schools or schools that focus on a particular religion e.g. Church of England but this is not considered discrimination since there are plenty of other schools that cater for everybody. If someone is denied access to education, they are denied a better quality of life with better job prospects. It is important that everyone is given the opportunity to learn and achieve according to their abilities. It is against the law for landlords to specify that certain ethnic groups are not eligible to live in their properties. Equal opportunities in housing means that everyone should have the chance to live in homes suited to their needs and family size. If this law isn’t met, certain groups will lead a low quality of life and may well live in overcrowded conditions. Everyone is entitled to receive healthcare. Healthcare professionals should not prioritise treatment or refuse to treat someone on grounds such as skin colour or sexual orientation. Everyone should have an equal opportunity to receive healthcare and particular groups have a right to sensitivity. Equal opportunities in employment means that people should be recruited and promoted in relation to how well they can do a job, not be discriminated against positively or negatively in relation to their race or gender for example. Everyone should be treated fairly at work; equal pay should be given to those who do exactly the same job. 23. Outline the inequality problems that persist in terms of pay for men and women. A job should pay in terms of ability and attainment regardless of gender yet men are still on higher wages than women in many organisations. This happens when a woman is doing exactly the same job as a man or of a similar skill yet the man receives a higher wage. Inequality also occurs when men tend to get the highest paid jobs within organisations. 24. Identify and briefly describe two other signs of inequality. Inequality due to sexual orientation is common. Gay and lesbian couples have long been discriminated against in their quest to adopt or foster children or to get married. There are laws to prevent such inequality and in place of marriage, civil partnerships exist. Inequality can also exist in sport, where gender or disability can often cause restrictions to be placed. Less abled people should be given the chance to partake in and enjoy their chosen sport and sports played typically by men such as football and rugby made available for women to enjoy equally. Once you have completed this Assessment, go to www.vision2learn.com and send your work to your tutor for marking.

College Admissions Essay: Aunt Joan and Yoga :: College Admissions Essays

Aunt Joan and Yoga Up until about 40 years ago, yoga was practically unknown to most Americans. When it was introduced to the United States in the '60s, people believed in the incorrect stereotype that it was done only by "hippies," "flower children," and "druggies." Today the term "yoga" is more widely known, now that it is becoming trendier. Yoga is a discipline with a scientific background that was developed over 2000 years ago. In this system of self-development the restless mind is calmed and energy is placed into constructive channels. It is not a religion as some people may be led to believe. It is a philosophy of life. The lessons learned are just as relevant today as they were when they were first created, still keeping the main principle that before you can train your mind to reach a higher consciousness you must first discipline your body. Yoga's popularity is largely due to its wide range of benefits, including therapeutic effects, muscle toning, energy increasing and concentration of the mind. It is also in question as to whether yoga should be considered an art form. My aunt, Joan Brown, is a hatha yoga instructor and is of the opinion that her profession is related to dance. She considers yoga and dance to be part of a natural partnership, both being creative, using fluid movements, stretching, and flexing. Correct breathing is also necessary to be successful in both dance and yoga. Many yoga instructors are known to have some dance training as well. There is also a best-selling video that The New York City Ballet Co. has created which combines dance steps and yoga postures. Joan grew up on the northwest side of Chicago and began studying hatha yoga in the early '70s and has continued to do so ever since. She studied the science and philosophy of yoga at the Himalayan Institute for about 12 years and then later at the Temple of Kriya Yoga for approximately 11 years. Joan feels fortunate that she got started on this path at the right time because she had the opportunity to study under the great teachers that had come from India. For her to become an instructor of yoga, a bachelor degree in the arts wasn't needed, but specific studies were. She completed her certification Level 1 and Level 2 at the Temple of Kriya Yoga.

Reinforcement Theory Essay

Q# 1: Identify the practices of organization that are indicating the application of reinforcement theory? Answer 1. Focus on proper training before giving task to the employees 2. Monitoring the performance of employees. 3. Formulation of procedures, rules and regulations in detail. 4. Strictness in compliance of rules. Q# 2: You are required to suggest some measures of positive reinforcement that can be implemented by the management of Crisp & Soft restaurant. Answer 1. The manager can start a practice to greet the employees and having pleasant conversation with those who came on time at start of day and conduct a small meeting with staff at closing of day and praised and say thanks those who performed good during the day. These practices will decrease late arrivals and early leaver. 2. The management can start â€Å"Employee of the month† award scheme in which at end of every month letter of appreciation along with small cash price will be give to the employee how performed well during the month. 3. A roll of honor board should be maintained at prominent place in the restaurant where everyone can see it. The pictures of â€Å"Employee of the month† pasted on that board. Q# 3: Assess which level of Maslow’s hierarchy of need the organization is satisfying for lower level staff and managerial level staff? Explain Answer As per Maslow’s hierarchy of need, there are following five levels of human needs: i. Biological Need: The basic requirement for survival of human body e.g. food, water, air and shelter etc. ii. Safety Need: Protection from Cold, Heat, Sand, Storm, Earthquake, Animals, Enemies iii. Social Need: love, acceptance, belonging etc. iv. Self Esteem: Respect, reorganization v. Self Actualization: challenging tasks, In case of lower level workers the Crisp and Soft restaurant management is satisfying level 1 by providing free meal and uniform, paying salaries at reasonable rate and level 2 by making HVAC arrangement for workers. In case of management staff, the restaurant management is trying to satisfying level 3 along with level 1 and 2 also, by providing good salaries (level 1), good working environment (level 2) and membership of social club of restaurant to their staff(level 3) where they can attend get to gathers, family dinners etc.

Nonverbal Communication Reflection Paper

Reflection Paper on Nonverbal Communication I learned a lot about Human Communication when I read the chapter about Nonverbal Communication. Nonverbal Communication is the process of using messages that are not words to generate meaning. I learned that it happens every day. I also learned that is very hard to read or understand depending on the person you are speaking to or with. Verbal and Nonverbal codes work in conjunction with each other. The words we speak or say are used in conjunction six different ways: to repeat, to emphasize, to complement, to contradict, to substitute, and to regulate. I never knew until reading this chapter that we do these things all most every time we communicate. These are things I took for granted until now. I now know that I will pay closer attention when speaking so I can work on how I communicate my nonverbal codes. I also learned that nonverbal codes consist of nonword symbols. Those symbols are bodily movements, facial expressions, bodily appearance, and personal space, time, touching, vocal cues, clothing and artifacts. I now know from this lesson that I also so all of these things as well when communicating. Everyone uses one or more of these when they communicate. I know from my own experience that people can read me by my kinesics. I know that I need to be more aware of how I communicate my nonword symbols. People can stereotype you if you are not careful. Understanding nonverbal communication is more common than not. I now understand how to interpret nonverbal codes better than I did before. I am also aware now of how I should speak to people using my nonverbal codes so that they may understand me as well. This chapter was very interesting to me because all of the things we do without speaking to people is amazing. I never paid attention before. I now understand nonverbal communication as well as how to use it in my everyday life better than I did before taking this class.

Compare and contrast two approaches to the study of prejudice Essay Example

Compare and contrast two approaches to the study of prejudice Essay Example Compare and contrast two approaches to the study of prejudice Paper Compare and contrast two approaches to the study of prejudice Paper Prejudice in society today seems to be unavoidable. It appears on the news, is portrayed in film and evident in the history books. Prejudice can be defined as a negative attitude toward a particular social group and all its members. A prejudice attitude involves making prejudgements about a person of a group and applying generic attributes (Hogg Vaughan, 2004). Allport (1945b) suggests that prejudice consists of three components. Firstly a cognitive belief about the group, secondly a strong feeling must be evident about the group and qualities they possess and lastly the intention to act in a certain way towards the group (cited in Hogg Vaughan, 2004). Prejudice is a problem is society as it can lead to discrimination toward members of a certain group. In the most extreme cases genocide is the ultimate expression of prejudice toward a group. The most prominent example of this is the anti-Semitic actions of Germany in the Second World War. The atrocities that took place at the hands of the German army were high in peoples minds and psychologists there after began taking an interest in the origins of prejudice and ways of reducing prejudice. Two approaches that have now become widely acknowledged are those of individual differences resulting in prejudice and inter-group theories of prejudice. Individual differences as a cause of prejudice is concerned with why some people are more prejudice than others, and whether it is because of a personality trait that causes these attitudes (Crisp Turner, 2007). An authoritarian personality was on concept that was suggested by Adorno, Frenkel-Brunswik, Levinson and Sanford (1950) in the wake of the holocaust (cited in Hogg Vaughan, 2004). They believed that only those with a personality defect could be prejudice, these people were not only prejudice toward one particular social group but all minority groups. The authoritarian personality is defined by certain characteristics. Such as need for order, high respect for authority, displacement of anger onto weaker individuals and an obsession with status. Thought these tendencies first developed in childhood with confusion over excessive harsh discipline from the parent (cited in Hogg Vaughan, 2004). The child loves and hates their parent and this conflict cause stress which is then redirected toward weaker individuals around them while idealising those who represent the power and authority of their parent (Hogg Vaughan, 2004). However, there are certain restrictions when considering personality explanations of prejudice. The main concern being that not every child brought up with excessive, harsh discipline then becomes prejudice. This may be due to the persons ability to control and regulate their prejudice. Specifically, in society today egalitarian values are emphasised and expected, so if a person feels they have acted in a way that displays prejudice then they may feel guilty. The individual has noticed a difference in the way they acted to their values causing the guilt; this guilt can be the motivation a person needs to change their behaviour and ultimately their prejudice attitude. This theory how there can be a variation in the amount of prejudice that people display but not the reasoning behind why individuals want to eliminate prejudice. In general one of the problems of individual differences as a cause of prejudice is that is does not apply easily to large groups of people who are prejudice. For instance it is conceivable but unlikely that every person who is prejudice had a harsh disciplinary upbringing that results in an authoritarian personality (Hogg Vaughan, 2004). There is a need of a cultural mentality to result in large scale prejudice such as the apartheid in South Africa between 1948 and 1994. Inter-group theories are able to address this issue. Inter-group theories involve the categorizing of people into distinct groups. Primarily these groups are either in-groups, those which we belong to or out-groups, a group which we are not a member of (Crisp Turner, 2007). Sherif, White and Harvey (1955) found that when people are divided into groups it created an environment in which group comparison and the desire to partake in competition was immediately evident. Shortly after the initial division a social identity develops and the introduction of competition caused heightened hostile behaviour (cited in Crisp Turner, 2007). Sherifs (1955) findings support the theory of realistic group conflict theory. This theory suggests that prejudice is the result of competition for valuable resources (Crisp Turner, 2007). For instance sexism in the work place could be an example of realistic group conflict theory because of the competition for the jobs and internal promotion. Employers are more likely to show favouritism for their own groups and derogation of the out groups in order to secure their own futures. However Tajfel, Billig, Bundy, Flament (1971) found that simply dividing people into groups caused prejudice and competition was not necessary. When participants were divided into groups based on the type of abstract painter they preferred they allocated those not in their group lower points, therefore displaying inter-group bias. This demonstrates the minimal condition for prejudice to occur; because as soon as we know that someone is in a different group to us we are likely to discriminate on that basis. This may be due to the fact that when others are in the same group as us we think of them as similar to ourselves and those in the out-groups are different to us (Crisp Turner, 2007). Tajfel and Turner (1979) devised the theory of social identification. They assumed that people wanted positive self-esteem and one contributor to self esteem is the groups which we belong to. Therefore, if the groups we belong to have a high status and are positively perceived then this boost our self esteem because as we are members of that group we should be perceived in the same way. In this way it benefits our self esteem to improve the positive image of the group compared to the out-groups and so this is another way that prejudice could develop. Self categorization theory (Turner, Hogg, Oakes,Reicher Wetherell, 1987) is based on social identification but emphasises the cognitive approaches(cited in Crisp Turner, 2007). The identification with a group causes one to depersonalise oneself in order to fit in with group norms and so become self-categorized (Crisp Turner). Therefore, if the group norm is one which allows prejudice then individuals will also display this attribute. One criticism of Tajfel (1971) was that the conditions were not minimal and there was some belief similarity which could explain the preferable treatment of the in group members (cited in Crisp Turner,2007). The categories the participants were separated into were supposedly based on the preference of a painter and so perhaps had other aspects in common. To rectify this Tafjel replicated the study with some alterations. The participants knew that they were allocated to groups on a purely random basis. Even so, there was still inter-group bias. However, the findings were not as large a number as in the previous study. Inter-group theories give a good account of how the groups we belong to influence our prejudice. However, we must remember that we have control over out thoughts and actions. Consequently, we can choose not to conform to group norms and also not to express prejudice. Individual differences in prejudice consider these aspects more. Prejudice is a complex multi faceted concept with many different contributing factors. The individual difference approach considers how personality affects individuals and the extent to which they express prejudice. However, this approach does not explain large scale prejudice across cultures and other groups. The inter-group theories demonstrate the categorization of people into two main groups, the in and out groups. These theories give a more accepted explanation of prejudice. However, there are still short coming in these theories. For example the need for explanation as to why some people are resistant to the social conditions that should exert prejudice. Subsequently, the deduction is that explanations of prejudice need to consider both approaches to obtain the most informative and balanced conclusion.

The Korean War Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Korean War - Research Paper Example The two countries survived under dictatorial regimes that extended hostility to the citizens of both countries. In mid 1950, North Korea invaded the south surprisingly seeking to topple the southern authority and successfully unite the two countries under communism authority, and most probably under, Kim IL Sung leadership. The following statement describes the events leading to the battle, the battlefield, and the involvement of other authorities to the war (International, 2005). Invasion On the July 14, the north staged a very critical front at the border of South Korea to provoke a battle. The southerners felt the pressure but assumed competence and superiority over the North, thus deploying the army to the battlefront, without proper analysis on their aggressive neighbor (Dutton, 2007). North Korean army owned superior armament from the soviets and this gave them a confidence stance. Some of the South Korean citizens supported the process of unification, relating the plight preva iling between the two countries as resulting from separation. They related their country’s situation to that of China, which slowly recollected all fallen states under the leadership of Mao. Therefore, on the dawn of the first day of invasion, the southern authorities announced their success in tackling the northern troops, which was a lie but seeking loyalty from the southern citizens. On the other hand, the north seized the opportunity to invade further into the southern territory, and combating the weaker southern troops (Kang & Rigoulot, 2001). North Korea advanced towards South Korea, fighting relentlessly despite the South Korean president’s remarks that his armies were outweighing the enemy’s capacity, thus, provoking a battle over territorial rights. The North was fully prepared to war unlike their neighbors with whom they caught unawares. Although both countries lived in hostility, none could tell when the opponent would engage in a battle (Dutton, 2007 ). Whilst in the battlefield, the South Korean troops staged a fierce battle but all in vain, since the Northern troops reigned in superior artillery and ammunition. President Syng-Man Rhee observed the weakness in his army, and associated to lack of military training, equipment, personnel, and preparedness, as the Northern strike was a surprise one (Dutton, 2007). Southern capabilities President Syng-Man Rhee of the Republic of South Korea, realized that his troops lacked military skills and weaponry, thus despite their struggle, chances of success over the enemy remained minute as the north outshined them with all aspects, ranging from artillery to personnel. The South Koreans further pleaded for help and the U.S.A offered two-week training to the Korean army. After the two weeks training, America applauded South Korean Military and commented on their degree of integrity and the skill, they now possessed to retaliate against the enemy. The South Koreans, overwhelmed by the praises , proceeded to the battlefield with a lion heart, as they perceived a win over an enemy they did not analyze. The battlefront was at the north of South Korea .South Koreans depended fully on guns, while their enemy had the best weaponry from the Soviets. Approximately, the north possessed over 34 tanks each with 88mm caliber. However, this did not distract the Southerners as they

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 26

Leadership - Essay Example Categorizing the culture of company, it can be stated that the culture of the company is Low Performance Culture. High Performance Culture is the one where shared beliefs, attitudes, actions and goals persist whereas Low Performance Culture is opposite of it. The Mission Statement of GameStop Corporation states that the company is less inclined towards High Performance Culture whereas the Vision Statement of the company states its values for its employees, shareholders etc. Out of all these four types of organizational culture, the culture of GameStop is a mix of Create and Compete. The company always focuses on brining something new as the nature of the industry is innovative and competition is very tough. Therefore, in order to keep pace with its competitors, it has to â€Å"Compete† by bringing something new through utilizing â€Å"Create† culture. "Our GameStop, EB Games and Electronics Boutique retail locations set us apart in the industry. Everything that we offer our customers-from our expansive selection of new products, to our knowledgeable associates and our value-added pre-owned products-is geared to deliver customer satisfaction. We complement our store network with GameStop.com and EBgames.com, and publish Game Informer, one of the industrys largest circulation video game magazines." The culture of GameStop supports its Mission Statement but doesn’t support its Vision Statement. In Mission Statement, the company has stated about how customer oriented it is, which is certainly true however in Vision Statement, it has stated about commitment and providing value to its employee and shareholders which is not the case in actual. The company is highly customer oriented and employees are directed to perform as per the requirements and preferences of customers. The culture of the company can be improved only when if it aligns its Vision Statement along with its corporate culture.